Review
Multicomponent Reactions with Isocyanides
Alexander Dömling Dr.,
Ivar Ugi Prof. Dr.,
Alexander Dömling Dr.
Morphochem AG Gmunderstrasse 37–37 a, 81379 München (Germany) Fax: (+49) 89-78005-555
Search for more papers by this authorIvar Ugi Prof. Dr.
Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität München 85747 Garching (Germany)
Search for more papers by this authorAlexander Dömling Dr.,
Ivar Ugi Prof. Dr.,
Alexander Dömling Dr.
Morphochem AG Gmunderstrasse 37–37 a, 81379 München (Germany) Fax: (+49) 89-78005-555
Search for more papers by this authorIvar Ugi Prof. Dr.
Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität München 85747 Garching (Germany)
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 13 September 2000
Citations: 3,746
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are fundamentally different from two-component reactions in several aspects. Among the MCRs, those with isocyanides have developed into popular organic-chemical reactions in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of compound libraries of low-molecular druglike compounds. With a small set of starting materials, very large libraries can be built up within a short time, which can then be used for research on medicinal substances. Due to the intensive research of the last few years, many new backbone types have become accessible. MCRs are also increasingly being employed in the total synthesis of natural products. MCRs and especially MCRs with isocyanides offer many opportunities to attain new reactions and basic structures. However, this requires that the chemist learns the “language” of MCRs, something that this review wishes to stimulate.
Abstract
The history of multicomponent reactions with isocyanides (IMCRs) and that of the isocyanides themselves took place in three large, parallel waves. The first wave was the constituting one, in which the isocyanides were discovered and their structure and identity recognized, some properties were examined, and limited preparative access was found. In the following years, research in this area was sporadic with only a few publications until the Italian Passerini discovered the self-named, first IMCR and investigated it for many years (the second wave). It grew silent again for many decades until a general and good appproach to the class of the isocyanides was found. In this third wave, the largest so far, which may not even have reached its climax yet, the Ugi reaction and many new IMCRs, many biologically active natural compounds, new heterocycle syntheses with isocyanides, and other important synthetic applications of isocyanides were described. Finally, the immense advantages of the IMCRs in drug research were recognized.
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